Saturday, 28 January 2012

ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ ΣΤΟΝ ΦΟΙΒΟ ΠΑΠΥΡΟΣ ΟΞΥΡΥΓΧΟΥ. ΥΜΝΟΣ 12 (IΙΙ 273-?)

ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ ΣΤΟΝ ΦΟΙΒΟ
ΠΑΠΥΡΟΣ ΟΞΥΡΥΓΧΟΥ. ΥΜΝΟΣ 12 (IΙΙ 273-?)

<Ἐλθέ, μάκαρ Παιάν> πανυπέρτατ’, ἐμοὶ ἐπ[άρηξον],
<δεῦρ΄, ἐλθών μοι, χρυσοκό>μα ϊεω επι Παιάν,
αὐτός ἄναξ μολπῆς, μόλε μοι],
[—π]ανυπέρτατ’, ἐμοὶ ἐπ[άρηξον]
.ω......... .μα ϊεω επι Παιάν
.ϊοευηϊη......η, πολυώνυμε,
ϊοαυ[.ακρακ]αναρβα, Φοῖβε,
[μ]αντοσύναισιν̣ [ἐπί]ρροθε, Φοῖβε Ἀπόλλ[ον],
[Λ]ητοΐδη ἑκάεργε, [θε]οπρόπε, δεῦρ’ ἄγε, δε[ῦρο],
δεῦρ’ ἄγε, θεσπίζω[ν], μαντεύεο νυκτὸς ἐ[ν ὥ]ρῃ.’
εἶτα λέγε μελετῶν [τοῦ]το· εη· ϊε ϊε ηϊ ϊω εη· ϊε ϊε ηϊ ϊω εη·
ϊε ϊε ηϊ ϊωϊαωιη· ϊυη· εη· ϊε ϊε ηϊ ϊω
ϊα ϊαω· ϊαω η ϊα ϊαω· ϊαω ϊα ϊαω· ϊαω εη· ϊε ϊε [...] ο̣υω.’
εἶτα πρὸς κατά[δυσ]ιν ἡλίου ἐξαιτοῦ πάλιν·
‘κλῦθί μευ, ἀργυρό[τοξ]ε, ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέ[βηκ]ας
Κίλλαν τε ζαθέην [Τε]νέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάσσεις’,
χρυσοφαῆ, λαῖλ[α]ψ καὶ Πυθολέτα μεσεγκριφι,
Λατῶε σιαωθ’ Σ[αβ]αώθ, Μελιοῦχε, τύραννε,
πευχρη, νυκτε[ρόφ]οιτε σεσεγγενβαρφαραγης
καὶ αρβεθ’, ωπολλ̣ορφε, φιλαίματε, Ἀρβαθιαω,
Σμινθεῦ, εἴ ποτ[έ τ]οι χαρίεντ’ ἐπὶ βωμὸν ἔρεψα,
ἢ εἰ δή ποτέ τοι κ[ατ]ὰ πίονα μηρί’ ἔκηα
ταύρων ἠδ’ α[ἰγ]ῶν, τόδε μοι κρήηνο[ν] ἐέλδωρ.
----------
Come blessed Paian,] most supreme, [help] me;
come hither to me, golden-tressed] IEO (YHWH), e'en thou, Paian,
the very lord of song, come thou to me,]
"...most supreme, [help] me;
... IEO, e'en thou, Paian,
... O Phobos, many-named.
O Phoibos, sing out clear with presages, Phoibos Apollo,
Leto's son, far-worker, Hither, come hither,
hither come; respond with prophecies, give presage in night's hour."
Then speak, declaiming this: εη· ϊε ϊε ηϊ ϊω[..]ϊαωιη· ϊυη·
ϊα ϊαω· ϊαω η.....ο̣υω.
Then at sunset make your request again:
"Hear me, god of the silver bow, who stand protector
of Chryse and holy Cilla and are the mightly lord of Tenedos,
gold-shining, hurricane and dragon-slayer, μεσεγκριφι,
Leto's son, σιαωθ’ Σ[αβ]αώθ, Μελιοῦχε, ruler,
πευχρη, night-wanderer, σεσεγγενβαρφαραγης,
αρβεθ’, ωπολλ̣ορφε (Apollo-orpheus*), φιλαίματε, Ἀρβαθιαω,
Smintheus, if e'er I've roofed a pleasing shrine for you,
or if I've ever burned for you fat thighs
of bulls or goats, grant this my prayer."

CHRONOS - ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

Chronos
Treacherous, with gifts of youth he seduces;
in haste we fly.
Hollow the hour, with teeth of memories she eats;
insatiable, we cry.
Oh stream, menacingly cruel flow
tantalizingly slow, meticulously fast,
uncontrollable;
Monoecious, you carry us all.
Tremendously vast, and to go back,
impossible.
A dragon you have,
the guard of a precious,
the gold, the rise, your immortality.
Daedaline, you grant delight your very daughters;
moments for us we rape; our vast infinity,
our finitude.
But you escape all.
Treacherous with our plans,
fierce with our moments,
they eat us alive with their teeth; revengeful
our children seconds,
passersby of each experience,
pinch of spice within their father's endless yawn
our meaningful vanity.
Pity not to foresee,
lament to remember;
Even the grief you give you erode. Insatiable.
Elated gallivants in your incessant flow,
Treacherous, you grind us.
Helpless swimmers you leave us,
Silent, you pass us
slow in your spiralling flow, in stealth;
Expedient pour in your abysmal sea.
A rustle we are. Quick so fast and still.

Chronos, vast.
the unyielding, the precise;
I shall steal your precious cloth-of-gold.
Your reject child,
Mnemosene, she is my aid.
and Kleos, she is my secret burrowed path.
A wooden gift I bring inside your home, an idol;
I forged it to represent all.
Timelessness is my work's name.

SCHOLIA ON ARISTOTLE'S METAPHYSICS - ΣΧΟΛΙΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΑ ΦΥΣΙΚΑ

Αίτιον.
Τας αυτάς σημασίας, τας οποίας έχει η αρχή, έχει καὶ το αίτιον, διότι πάντα τα αίτια είναι αρχαί. Πάσαι αι αρχαί είναι το πρώτον εκ του οποίου υπάρχει εν πράγμα, ή γίνεται, ή γνωρίζεται. Και άλλαι μεν είναι εντός, άλλαι δε εκτός των πραγμάτων. Είναι δε τέσσαρα τα αίτια : 1ον) η ύλη πράγματός τινος· λ. χ. ο χαλκός είναι ύλη του ανδριάντος· 2ον) το είδος και το πρότυπον αυτού, δηλ. η έννοια και η ουσία του πράγματος λ. χ. του ανδριάντος· 3ον) η αρχή της κινήσεως και της μεταβολής· λ.χ. ο ανδριαντοποιός· και 4ον) ο σκοπός και τα μέσα της εκτελέσεως του· π.χ. η υγίεια είναι ο σκοπός του περιπάτου και μέσα είναι τα φάρμακα και η κάθαρσις κλπ. Τα τέσσαρα λοιπόν αίτια είναι το υλικόν, το ειδικόν, το ποιητικόν (και δημιουργικόν καθεαυτό) και το τελικόν (ου ένεκεν).

Τέλειον.
1ον) το έχον πάντα τα μέρη του· 2ον) ό,τι έφθασεν εις το άκρον και εν γένει ό,τι δεν ημπορεί να υπερβληθή υπό άλλου εις το είδος του· λ. χ. τέλειος ιατρός, αυλητής, λέγονται, όταν δεν έχωσι καμμίαν έλλειψιν της προσηκούσης εις αυτούς αρετής. Μεταφορικώς λέγεται και συκοφάντης τέλειος, κλπ.· 3ον) ό,τι έχει αγαθόν τέλος (σπουδαίον), διότι η τελειότης έγκειται εις το τέλος, τον σκοπόν.

Ύλη.
Είναι εν των συστατικών της Ουσίας. Το έτερον συστατικόν είναι το είδος ή η μορφή, ήτις μετά της ύλης αποτελεί το πραγματικόν Ον. Δεν πρέπει όμως να νοώμεν την αισθητήν μόνον ύλην, ην έχουσι τα αισθητά. Διότι και επί των νοητών διακρίνομεν ύλην και είδος· λ χ. αι έννοιαι και αι προτάσεις είναι η ύλη του συλλογισμού. Η μήνις του Αχιλλέως και τα ολέθρια αποτελέσματα αυτής εν τω στρατώ των Ελλήνων είναι η ύλη της Ιλιάδος. Το αθάνατον όμως έργον του Ομήρου δεν αποτελούσι τα υλικά ταύτα, αλλ' η μορφή, ην έδωκεν εις αυτά η μεγαλοφυΐα του ποιητού.

Εντελέχεια ψυχής. Τέλειον καὶ Αἴτιον· τὸ Ἄωτον.

σχόλια στον
ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗ

DELPHIC MAXIMS OF THE SEVEN - ΔΕΛΦΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΤΑ

Carved on the temple of Delphoi were three main phrases and a large letter "E": γνῶθι σεαυτόν (know thyself); μηδέν άγαν (nothing in excess) and Ἑγγύα πάρα δ'ἄτη (go surety and ruin is near). Among other things, Epsilon ("E") is the number 5. The remaining maxims were thought lost, but had been preserved scattered in Byzantine and medieval manuscripts as didactic, school material, but we were unable to confirm whether these were the very Delphic inscriptions that stood on the holiest of holy Pythian Shrine to Apollo at Delphoi.

In 1901 Hasluck found a 3rd c. B.C. stela in Miletopolis (Cyzicus, Asia Minor), which bears what had been copied by Sosiades exactly from the Delphic Oracle Temple containing the lost maxims, and was corroborated with relevant Hellenistic-times inscriptions found on another stela as far as the city Aϊ Khanum in Afghanistan in 1966, written by Klearchus himself, Aristotle's pupil, together with the five last commandments of Sosiades on the stela's base. Sosiades' name roughly means "Savior" or "Copier", and Klearchus' name "He who rules (or is ruled) by glory". Sosiades is mentioned in the manuscripts of Ioannes Stobaeos (Anthologium). The editio princeps of the recovered Delphic maxims is: Tsoukalas, M.G., "Ανέκδοτοι φιλολογικοὶ καὶ ἰδιωτικοὶ πάπυροι, Athens 1962, (Phd diss.), 70-80, ΠΙΝΑΞ ΙΧ. The papyrus Tsoukalas' work is based on is a fragment of some of the then thought 147 Delphic commandments, which are allegedly an ancient schoolboy's assignment to copy, kept in the Classical Philology Dpt. of the University of Athens, and you need to implore gods and demons to be allowed to see or touch it. Collectively, today we have 165 Delphic maxims plus another 15 (doubles or paraphrases). Important to note is that none of these aphorisms is a commandment, but advice. Legend has it these inscriptions were made on behalf of the seven sages of antiquity convention to Delphoi, namely Solon of Athens, Chilon of Sparta, Thales of Miletus, Bias of Priene, Cleobulus of Lindos, Pittacus of Mitylene and Periander of Corinth. One should also note that Mahayana Buddhism is possibly based on Greek religion, an amalgam of local and Greek ideals after the indo-Greek Kigndoms, and the only Buddhism that has statues, which are rather Greek-looking. In Tibet there is a myth of the Buddha lifting stones to build a wall using music, much like Apollo does in Greek mythology. These maxims were used by Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates themselves to learn in school, all through Byzantine times. They are philosophically, religiously and culturally the foundation of Greek worldview, and should be used as a starter when learning Greek. They do not claim to be the work of (a) god(s), but beg of you to respect the divine, mankind and yourself and instruct you how to go about it. Unfortunately these are about half of the total number of inscriptions on the Pythian Stela (possibly 300). The English translation is meager and pales in potency:



Τῶν ἐπτά ὑποθήκαι (ἐν Δελφοίς)

Consignment of the Seven (at Delphoi)

--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

1. Follow God (Επου θεω)
2. Obey the law (Νομω πειθου)
3. Worship the Gods (Θεους σεβου)
4. Respect your parents (Γονεις αιδου)
5. Be overcome by justice (Ηττω υπο δικαιου)
6. Know what you have learned (Γνωθι μαθων)
7. Perceive what you have heard (Ακουσας νοει)
8. Be/Know Yourself (Σαυτον ισθι)
9. Intend to get married (Γαμειν μελλε)
10. Know your opportunity (Καιρον γνωθι)
11. Think as a mortal (Φρονει θνητα)
12. When you are a stranger be aware of it (Ξενος ων ισθι)
13. Honor the hearth/Hestia (Εστιαν τιμα)
14. Control yourself (Αρχε σεαυτου)
15. Help your friends (Φιλοις βοηθει)
16. Control anger (Θυμου κρατει)
17. Exercise prudence (Φρονησιν ασκει)
18. Honor providence (Προνοιαν τιμα)
19. Do not use an oath (Ορκω μη χρω)
20. Love friendship (Φιλιαν αγαπα)
21. Cling to discipline (Παιδειας αντεχου)
22. Pursue honor (Δοξαν διωκε)
23. Long for wisdom (Σοφιαν ζηλου)
24. Speak well of the beautiful/good (Καλον ευ λεγε)
25. Find fault with no one (Ψεγε μηδενα)
26. Praise those having arête. (Επαινει αρετην)
27. Practice what is just (Πραττε δικαια)
28. Be kind to friends (Θιλοις ευνοει)
29. Watch out for your enemies (Εχθρους αμυνου)
30. Exercise nobility of character (Ευγενειαν ασκει)
31. Shun evil (Κακιας απεχου)
32. Be impartial (Κοινος γινου)
33. Guard what is yours (Ιδια φυλαττε)
34. Shun what belongs to others (Αλλοτριων απεχου)
35. Listen to everyone (Ακουε παντα)
36. Be (religiously) silent (Ευφημος ιοθι)
37. Do a favor for a friend (Φιλω χαριζου)
38. Nothing to excess (Μηδεν αγαν)
39. Use time sparingly (Χρονου φειδου)
40. Foresee the future (Ορα το μελλον)
41. Despise insolence (Υβριν μισει)
42. Have respect for suppliants (Ικετας αιδου)
43. Be accommodating in everything (Παςιν αρμοζου)
44. Educate your sons (Υιους παιδευε)
45. Give what you have (Εχων χαριζου)
46. Fear deceit (Δολον φοβου)
47. Speak well of everyone (Ευλογει παντας)
48. Be a seeker of wisdom (Φιλοσοφος γινου)
49. Choose what is divine (Οσια κρινε)
50. Act when you know (Γνους πραττε)
60. Shun murder (Φονου απεχου)
70. Pray for things possible (Ευχου δυνατα)
71. Consult the wise (Σοφοις χρω)
72. Test the character (Ηθος δοκιμαζε)
73. Give back what you have received (Λαβων αποδος)
74. Down-look no one (Υφορω μηδενα)
75. Use your skill (Τεχνη χρω)
76. Do what you mean to do (Ο μελλεις, δος)
77. Honor a benefaction (Ευεργεςιας τιμα)
78. Be jealous of no one (Φθονει μηδενι)
79. Be on your guard (Φυλακη προσεχε)
80. Praise hope (Ελπιδα αινει)
81. Despise a slanderer (Διαβολην μισει)
82. Gain possessions justly (Δικαιως κτω)
83. Honor good men (Αγαθους τιμα)
84. Know the judge (Κριτην γνωθι)
85. Master wedding-feasts (Γαμους κρατει)
86. Recognize fortune (Τυχην νομιζε)
87. Flee a pledge (Εγγυην φευγε)
88. Speak plainly (Αμλως διαλεγου)
89. Associate with your peers (Ομοιοις χρω)
90. Govern your expenses (Δαπανων αρχου)
91. Be happy with what you have (Κτωμενος ηδου)
92. Revere a sense of shame (Αισχυνην σεβου)
93. Fulfill a favor (Χαριν εκτελει)
94. Pray for happiness (Ευτυχιαν ευχου)
95. Be fond of fortune (Τυχην στεργε)
96. Observe what you have heard (Ακουων ορα)
97. Work for what you can own (Εργαζου κτητα)
98. Despise strife (Εριν μισει)
99. Detest disgrace (Ονειδς εχθαιρε)
100. Restrain the tongue (Γλωτταν ισχε)
101. Keep yourself from insolence (Υβριν αμυνου)
102. Make just judgements (Κρινε δικαια)
103. Use what you have (Χρω χρημασιν)
104. Judge incorruptibly (Αδωροδοκητος δικαζε)
105. Accuse one who is present (Αιτιω παροντα)
106. Tell when you know (Λεγε ειδως)
107. Do not depend on strength (Βιας μη εχου)
108. Live without sorrow (Αλυπως βιου)
109. Live together meekly (Ομιλει πραως)
110. Finish the race without shrinking back (Περας επιτελει μη αποδειλιων)
111. Deal kindly with everyone (Φιλοφρονει πασιν)
112. Do not curse your sons (Υιοις μη καταρω)
113. Rule your wife (Γυναικος αρχε)
114. Benefit yourself (Σεαυτον ευ ποιει)
115. Be courteous (Ευπροσηγορος γινου)
116. Give a timely response (Αποκρινου εν καιρω)
117. Struggle with glory (Πονει μετ ευκλειας)
118. Act without repenting (Πραττε αμετανοητως)
119. Regret falling short of the goal (Αμαρτανων μετανοει)
120. Control the eye (Οφθαλμου κρατει)
121. Give a timely counsel (Βουλευου χρονω)
122. Act quickly (Πραττε συντομως)
123. Guard friendship (Φιλιαν φυλαττε)
124. Be grateful (Ευγνωμων γινου)
125. Pursue harmony (Ομονοιαν διωκε)
126. Keep deeply the top secret (Αρρητον κρυπτε)
127. Fear ruling (Το κρατουν φοβου)
128. Pursue what is profitable (Το συμφερον θηρω)
129. Accept due measure (Καιρον προσδεχου)
130. Do away with enmities (Εχθρας διαλυε)
131. Accept old age (Γηρας προσδεχου)
132. Do not boast in might (Επι ρωμη μη καυχω)
133. Exercise (religious) silence (Ευφημιαν ασκει)
134. Flee enmity (Απεχθειαν φευγε)
135. Acquire wealth justly (Πλουτει δικιως)
136. Do not abandon honor (Δοξαν μη λειπε)
137. Despise evil (Κακιαν μισει)
138. Venture into danger prudently (Κινδυνευε φρονιμως)
139. Do not tire of learning (Μανθανων μη καμνε)
140. Do not stop to be thrifty (Φειδομενος μη λειπε)
141. Admire oracles (Χρησμους θαυμαζε)
142. Love whom you rear (Ους τρεφεις αγαπα)
143. Do not oppose someone absent (Αποντι μη μαχου)
144. Respect the elder (Πρεσβυτερον αιδου)
145. Teach a youngster (Νεωτερον διδασκε)
146. Do not trust wealth (Πλουτω απιστει)
147. Respect yourself (Σεαυτον αιδου)
148. Do not begin to be insolent (Μη αρχε υβριζειν)
149. Crown your ancestors (Προγονους στεφανου)
150. Die for your country (Θνησκε υπερ πατριδος)
151. Do not be discontented by life (Τω βιω μη αχθου)
152. Do not make fun of the dead (Επι νεκρω μη γελα)
153. Share the load of the unfortunate (Ατυχουντι συναχθου)
154. Gratify without harming (Χαριζου αβλαβως)
155. Grieve for no one (Μη επι παντι λυπου)
156. Beget from noble routes (Εξ ευγενων γεννα)
157. Make promises to no one (Επαγγελου μηδενι)
158. Do not wrong the dead (Φθιμενους μη αδικει)
159. Be well off as a mortal (Ευ πασχε ως θνητος)
160. Do not trust fortune (Τυχη μη πιστευε)
161. As a child be well-behaved (Παις ων κοσμιος ισθι)
162. As a youth be self-disciplined (ηβων εγκρατης)
163. As of middle-age be just (μεσος δικαιος)
164. Once an old man be sensible (πρεσβυτης ευλογος)
165. Reaching the end without sorrow (τελευτων αλυπος)

Additional lines from article (page 76) as found inscribed on different stones or papyrus sources:

4. Obey the virtuous
11. Live without sorrow
13. Avoid the unjust
14. Testify what is right
15. Control pleasure
22. Praise virtue
27. Train your relatives
55. Believe in time
56. Receive for the pleasure
57. Prostrate before the divine
60. Do not boast in might
62. Use/be acquainted with the one who has the same interests as you.
64. Be embarrassed to lie
66. If you believe in something do not be scared to act for it
68. Be firm on what has been agreed

http://www.jstor.org/pss/20185842
http://www.flyallnight.com/khaire/DelphicMaxims/DelphicMaxims_CB63-1987.pdf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfWR9cHNswc

ΠΛΑΤΩΝ -ΤΙΜΑΙΟΣ, απόσπασμα

Τίμαιος
πάνυ μὲν οὖν, καὶ κατὰ δύναμίν γε οὐδὲν ἐλλείψομεν: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν εἴη δίκαιον, χθὲς ὑπὸ σοῦ ξενισθέντας οἷς ἦν πρέπον ξενίοις, μὴ οὐ προθύμως σὲ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἡμῶν ἀνταφεστιᾶν.

Σωκράτης
ἆρ᾽ οὖν μέμνησθε ὅσα ὑμῖν καὶ περὶ ὧν ἐπέταξα εἰπεῖν;

Τίμαιος
τὰ μὲν μεμνήμεθα, ὅσα δὲ μή, σὺ παρὼν ὑπομνήσεις: μᾶλλον δέ, εἰ μή τί σοι χαλεπόν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς διὰ βραχέων πάλιν ἐπάνελθε αὐτά, ἵνα βεβαιωθῇ μᾶλλον παρ᾽ ἡμῖν.

- Plato (Timaios 17b καὶ ἑξής)